Three-dimensional subwavelength components utilizing THz surface plasmons

Since surface plasmons(SPs)are not constrained by the diraction limit,they have important potential applications in the optical,terahertz(THz),and microwave components.In this paper,we firstly present a review of three-dimensional(3D) bidirectional and multi-directional THz SP splitters based on the rectangular metallic groove gratings with finite thickness,in which a metallic wire was used to excite the THz SPs.The experimental verifications of such splitters have been implemented in the microwave frequencies,and the measurement results have excellent agreements to the full-wave simulations.To improve the performance,a 3D bidirectional THz SP splitter with the transverse confinement and a 3D bidirectional bending THz SP splitter are then proposed,which have shown very good splitting performance,compact sizes,and better transverse confinement of EM fields.Finally,a broadband slow-wave system of subwavelength thickness is reviewed and a new bending slow-wave system utilizing THz SPs is proposed.Experiments and simulations in microwave frequencies have good agreements,showing the validity of these components.     

横向联邦学习中PCA差分隐私数据发布算法

为了让不同组织在保护本地敏感数据和降维后发布数据隐私的前提下,联合使用PCA进行降维和数据发布,提出横向联邦PCA差分隐私数据发布算法。引入随机种子联合协商方案,在各站点之间以较少通信代价生成相同随机噪声矩阵。提出本地噪声均分方案,将均分噪声加在本地协方差矩阵上。一方面,保护本地数据隐私;另一方面,减少了噪声添加量,并且达到与中心化差分隐私PCA算法相同的噪声水平。理论分析表明,该算法满足差分隐私,保证了本地数据和发布数据的隐私性,较同类算法噪声添加量降低。实验从隐私性和可用性角度评估该算法,证明该算法与同类算法相比具有更高的可用性。     

Improved Controlled Release and Brain Penetration of the Small Molecule S14 Using PLGA Nanoparticles

Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) is an enzyme responsible for the degradation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), an important cellular messenger. PDE7’s role in neurotransmission, expression profile in the brain and the druggability of other phosphodiesterases have motivated the search for potent inhibitors to treat neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases. Different heterocyclic compounds have been described over the years; among them, phenyl-2-thioxo-(1H)-quinazolin-4-one, called S14, has shown very promising results in different in vitro and in vivo studies. Recently, polymeric nanoparticles have been used as new formulations to target specific organs and produce controlled release of certain drugs. In this work, we describe poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based polymeric nanoparticles loaded with S14. Their preparation, optimization, characterization and in vivo drug release profile are here presented as an effort to improve pharmacokinetic properties of this interesting PDE7 inhibitor.     

Numerical analysis for the prediction of bump prone conditions:A southern Appalachian pillar coal bump case study

Two miners were fatally injured when a pillar bump occurred during retreat mining in a southern West Virginia coal mine. The mine was operating in the Eagle seam with overmining in the No. 2 Gas and Powellton seams. A coal bump is defined as a sudden and violent failure of coal caused by the release of stored strain energy in the pillar. While significant strides have been made by academia, industry,and regulatory agencies to better understand bump conditions and mitigation techniques, coal bumps represent a long standing, highly site-specific engineering problem in which the exact failure mechanism is not clearly understood. In this case history, a cut-by-cut analysis of retreat mining operations was conducted on the 4 East Main leading up to the pillar bump event. Numerical input parameters were derived from site-specific geologic information and mine geometry for the analysis of pillar stress conditions and energy release using LaModel. An overview of stress conditions in the panel was presented including a precursor event that occurred two crosscuts inby the bump site. The methodology presented in the paper for the evaluation of the fatal bump event can be used for the identification of bump prone conditions prior to development and retreat of a mining area.     

Concepts,processing, and recent developments in encapsulating essential oils

By the virtue of their olfactory, physicochemical, and biological characteristics, essential oils (EOs) have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products. Nevertheless, they are physicochemically unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss. Microencapsulation offers a feasible strategy to stabilize and prolong release of EO. This review summarizes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various preparation and characterization methods, wherein innovative fabrication strategies and their formation mechanisms are especially emphasized. Progress in combining detecting/measuring technologies with kinetic modelling are discussed, to give an integral approach of controlling the dynamic release of encapsulated EOs. Moreover, new development trends of EOs capsules are also highlighted.     

缓香型玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊乳液的制备及应用

为改善皮革的特殊气味并提升其应用性能,该研究以玉米醇溶蛋白（Zein）、艾叶香精（AAE）以及普兰尼克F127等为原料,通过反溶剂法制备缓香型玉米醇溶蛋白微胶囊（AAE@ZMs）乳液,再将AAE@ZMs乳液与成膜剂己内酰胺改性酪素复配后应用于皮革涂饰。结果表明,Zein与F127、AAE和戊二醛通过化学交联和氢键相互作用,同时F127和AAE可使Zein中的氨基酸重排并发生荧光猝灭;制得的AAE@ZMs乳液中微胶囊平均粒径约为298.6 nm且具有较好的分散性和稳定性;AAE@ZMs的包覆率和负载率分别可以达到73.2%和5.8%,在良溶剂中释放120 h时的AAE累积释放率约为83.1%。将AAE@ZMs应用于皮革涂饰后,涂饰革样中AAE的释放周期为6周,对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均具有较好的抑制效果,同时涂饰革样还展现出较好的机械性能。     

负载活性组分的核壳结构纤维膜的制备及性能

采用同轴静电纺丝技术将蛛丝蛋白（Ss）和美洲大蠊提取物（PAE）分别负载于纳米纤维的壳层与核层。随着Ss的增加,纤维直径从350 nm降至280 nm,核层直径由120nm升至140 nm,壳层厚度由115 nm降至70 nm。Ss的加入使纳米纤维膜具有良好的机械性能和亲水性,纳米纤维膜的拉伸强度可达到4.31 MPa,溶胀率可达到150%,水蒸气透过率可达到1834 g/(m2?24h),水接触角减小到 32.7 ?。纳米纤维膜核壳结构能够有效抑制药物突释,实现药物长效释放,7天内药物释放可达77%;纳米纤维膜能够有效抑制细菌生长,促进细胞增殖,相较于未负载Ss的纳米纤维膜,负载20%Ss的纤维膜的细胞增殖效果提高25%,说明Ss和PAE在伤口愈合过程中能够起到协同作用。     

Poly(chitosan-ester-ether-urethane) Hydrogels as Highly Controlled Genistein Release Systems

Polymeric hydrogels play an increasingly important role in medicine, pharmacy and cosmetology. They appear to be one of the most promising groups of biomaterials due to their favorable physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. The objective of the presented study was to synthesize new poly(chitosan-ester-ether-urethane) hydrogels and to study the kinetic release of genistein (GEN) from these biomaterials. In view of the above, six non-toxic hydrogels were synthesized via the Ring-Opening Polymerization (ROP) and polyaddition processes. The poly(ester-ether) components of the hydrogels have been produced in the presence of the enzyme as a biocatalyst. In some cases, the in vitro release rate of GEN from the obtained hydrogels was characterized by near-zero-order kinetics, without “burst release” and with non-Fickian transport. It is important to note that developed hydrogels have been shown to possess the desired safety profile due to lack of cytotoxicity to skin cells (keratinocytes and fibroblasts). Taking into account the non-toxicity of hydrogels and the relatively highly controlled release profile of GEN, these results may provide fresh insight into polymeric hydrogels as an effective dermatological and/or cosmetological tool.     

基于H4结构逆变器在不同调制方式下的性能比较

针对传统双极性调制和单极性调制方式在效率、总谐波失真THD(total harmonic distortion)以及电磁干扰等方面的问题,提出上慢下快调制方式和半周期工频半周期高频调制方式2种新控制策略。上慢下快调制方式在较高电压和电流上升率的工况下,对于驱动电路以及主电路中的杂散电感、电容的电磁干扰影响,能够有效抑制。半周期工频半周期高频调制方式在调制波(正弦波)过零点处无SPWM突变,有效改善输出电压过零点振荡的问题。在Matlab/Simulink仿真平台验证了4种调制方式的可行性。最后通过实验研究,结合效率、THD这2个参数进行对比分析,比较4种调制方式的性能,通过实验数据得出所提控制策略较传统调制方式在效率、总谐波含量以及电磁干扰等方面均有改善,证明了所提控制策略的可行性与有效性。     

Facile Fabrication of Povidone Iodine-Embedded Polytetrafluoroethylene Superhydrophobic Films with Improved Antiadhesive and Bactericidal Properties in Bacterial Environments

It remains a challenge to maintain the antiadhesion properties of superhydrophobic films after exposure to bacterial environments. In this work, superhydrophobic bactericidal polymer films via the simple incorporation of polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine (PVP-I) or iodine into polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are fabricated to improve their antiadhesive and antibacterial capability. Superhydrophobic iodine-embedded films, polytetrafluoroethylene/polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine and polytetrafluoroethylene-iodine (PTFE/PVP-I and PTFE-I), show excellent antiadhesive and bactericidal performances even post exposure to bacterial solutions as compared to iodine-free counterparts by controlling the release of iodine. Especially, superhydrophobic PTFE/PVP-I films display a more sustained iodine release profile and significant antibacterial properties against gram-positive (S. aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)) and gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria. Such a facile combination of antiseptic agents and superhydrophobic surface could be widely used for antiseptic biomedical applications.